GF-2支持下的干旱区稀疏植被区植被覆盖度估算     

沈谦  朱长明  张新 《测绘通报》2019,(7):33-38

现有像元二分模型MODIS植被覆盖度模型因其形式简单、适用性较强的特点被广泛应用于区域植被覆盖度（FVC）的估算。然而，研究表明在沙漠和低植被覆盖的西部干旱区，从250 m的影像上很难精准地获取NDVI_veg（全植被覆盖植被指数）和NDVI_soil（全裸土区植被指数）参数。利用常用的直方图累计法获取模型所需参数NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil，估算结果存在普遍高估现象。为此，本文首先引入同期获取的GF-2号卫星数据，从GF-2号影像上提取植被覆盖像元；然后，利用Pixel Aggregate方法重采样至250 m分辨率，获取250 m空间分辨率下纯植被和纯裸土像元；最后，将纯植被和纯裸土像元各自空间位置相对应的MODIS NDVI数据最大值作为模型所需NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil参数，实现研究区内植被覆盖度的估算。试验通过与线性回归法、多项式回归法和直方图累计像元二分模型法估算结果进行精度对比，结果表明：利用GF-2影像辅助的像元二分模型，精准地获取了低植被覆盖区NDVI_veg和NDVI_soil模型参数，提高了干旱区植被覆盖度的估算精度，并有效地抑制了受稀疏植被影响NDVI在干旱区普遍偏高问题导致的FVC高估的现象。  相似文献   

一种顾及道路影响的点要素注记配置遗传禁忌搜索算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李娟  朱勤东 《测绘通报》2019,(2):80-85

为使地图上点要素注记配置更美观易读，利用遗传算法的全局寻优能力和禁忌搜索算法的"爬山能力"，在考虑传统点要素注记配置约束条件的同时，考虑点要素与道路间的关系，提出了一种顾及道路要素影响的遗传禁忌搜索算法，并从解算精度、运行效率及稳健性3个方面对该算法进行评价。本文以福建省泉州市惠安县1：20万比例尺的乡村点状地形图数据进行试验，试验结果表明，与遗传算法、禁忌搜索算法和ArcGIS软件相比，该算法的算法精度和稳健性均有所提高，但是计算效率略低于禁忌算法，且点要素注记与点要素、道路要素的压盖量最少，与点要素、道路要素注记的交叉量最少。  相似文献   

新工科理念下的实验课程教学改革与实践探索     

蔡剑红  霍亮  朱凌 《测绘通报》2019,(2):147-152

近年来为适应创新人才的培养，"卓越计划"开启了全新教学模式。基于新工科理念，为了更好地进行实验课程教学，以"3ds Max软件三维建模"为例，笔者从课程内容安排、教学方式、考核机制等方面进行了教学探索和实践。本文以应用软件实验类课程项目教学的实践经验为基础，注重学生团队合作和交流能力、实践能力、创新能力培养，以及多渠道快速学习新事物的能力，通过与测绘新技术下多软件融合，使学生拥有知识整合能力，为提高实践教学提供参考和借鉴，以更好地适应新工科理念下的创新人才培养。  相似文献   

面向城区宽基线立体像对视角变化的结构自适应特征点匹配     

陈敏  朱庆  何海清  严少华  赵怡涛 《测绘学报》2019,48(9):1129-1140

提出一种基于结构自适应特征的城区宽基线影像特征点匹配方法。首先，对影像提取点特征和直线特征，挖掘点特征与其邻域内直线特征之间的几何关系，构建结构自适应的特征区域和特征描述符，并通过双向匹配策略获得初始匹配结果。然后，基于初匹配结果估计影像基础矩阵，构建核线约束的结构自适应特征匹配算法进行二次匹配。最后，将已匹配特征作为控制基础设计匹配扩展算法，进一步增加匹配点数量。本文方法以特征点邻域几何结构为出发点，构建自适应的特征区域，能够在显著的影像视角变化下，为同名特征点提取影像内容一致的特征区域，进而获得相似的特征描述符。试验结果证明，与传统算法相比，本文方法在城区宽基线影像上能够同时获得更多的正确匹配特征和更高的匹配正确率。  相似文献   

联合像元-深度-对象特征的遥感图像城市变化检测     

赵生银  安如  朱美如 《测绘学报》2019,48(11):1452-1463

特征空间的构建和优化对遥感图像识别能力的提高具有重要作用。针对面向对象方法对波段光谱信息利用不足,以及像元识别法无法充分利用图像空间几何等信息的问题,本文建立了新颖的联合像素级和对象级特征的航摄遥感图像城市变化检测方法。首先,充分利用像素级和对象级特征的优势,建立考虑光谱、指数、纹理、几何、表面高度及神经网络深度特征的特征空间;然后,引入LightGBM(light gradient boosting machine)算法对大量特征进行选择研究;最后,采用随机森林识别器对宜兴市2012年和2015年两期遥感图像进行识别,利用变化矩阵进行城市的变化检测。结果表明:联合像元、深度、对象特征和LightGBM特征选择算法的识别效果最好,平均的总体识别精度达到了88.50%,Kappa系数达到0.86,比基于像元、深度或对象特征的识别方法分别提高了10.50%、15.00%和4.00%;城市变化检测精度达到了87.50%。因此,本文方法是利用甚高分辨率航摄遥感图像进行城市变化的检测的有效方法。  相似文献   

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan     

WANG Yan  XIE Hongzhong  ZHU Tao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(5):553-558

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the “time category” and the “space category”. The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation, scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage, history and culture along these routes, and the key to encouraging the standardization, branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes. Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources, and their developmental foundation is good. However, the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on information collection, information analysis, problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes, and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes. Based on the advanced experience of COE (Council of Europe), UNESCO WHC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Heritage Committee) and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites), this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes, and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines. Five aspects―the theme, the participating subject, the object itself, related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model. At the same time, based on the consumer utility function, a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed. Then, taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process, the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined, and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed. The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system, and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system. The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes, realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases, and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.  相似文献   

2001-2015年中国植被覆盖人为影响的时空格局   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王建邦  赵军  李传华  朱钰  康重阳  高超 《地理学报》2019,74(3):504-519

基于MODIS-NDVI和气温、降水数据,使用基于变异系数的人为影响模型定量计算了2001-2015年中国植被覆盖人为影响,辅以趋势分析、Hurst指数等方法探讨了中国植被覆盖人为影响的时空变化特征及未来演变趋势。研究发现：① 2001-2015年,中国植被覆盖人为影响由南向北空间分异愈发明显,年均值为-0.0102,植被覆盖在人类活动影响下轻微减少,负影响面积占51.59%,略大于正影响面积。② 中国植被覆盖人为影响年际变化特征明显,整体呈负影响波动减少趋势,降速为0.5%/10a,其中正影响、负影响均呈增大趋势,正影响增速（0.3%/10a）远大于负影响（0.02%/10a）。③ 2001-2015年间,中国植被覆盖人为正影响重心向东北方向移动,负影响重心向西南方向移动,东北部植被覆盖在人为影响下不断改善,西南部人类活动对植被破坏程度不断增大。④ 中国植被覆盖人为影响主要呈负影响减少和正影响增大趋势,面积占比分别为28.14%和25.21%,生态环境趋于改善。⑤ Hurst指数分析表明,中国植被覆盖人为影响未来演变趋势的反向特征强于正向特征,主要呈人为负影响先减少后增大趋势,面积占比15.59%。  相似文献   

Dynamic changes in lakes in the Hoh Xil region before and after the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake     

LIU Wen-hui  XIE Chang-wei  ZHAO Lin  WU Tong-hua  WANG Wu  ZHANG Yu-xin  YANG Gui-qian  ZHU Xiao-fan  YUE Guang-yang 《山地科学学报》2019,(5)

Zonag, Kusai, Hedin Noel and Yanhu Lakes are independent inland lakes in the Hoh Xil region on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In September2011, Zonag Lake burst after the water level had increased for many years. Floods flowed through Kusai and Hedin Noel Lakes into Yanhu Lake; since then, the four small endorheic catchments merged into one larger catchment. This hydrological process caused the rapid shrinkage of Zonag Lake and continuous expansion of Yanhu Lake. In this study,based on satellite images, meteorological data and field investigations, we examined the dynamic changes in the four lakes and analyzed the influencing factors. The results showed that before 2011, the trends in the four lake areas were similar and displayed several stages. The change in the area of Zonag Lake corresponded well to the change in annual precipitation(AP), but the magnitude of the change was less than that of a non-glacier-fed lake. Although increased precipitation was the dominant factor that caused Zonag Lake to expand, increased glacier melting and permafrost thawing due to climate warming also had significant effects. After the 2011 outburst of Zonag Lake, due to the increasing AP and accelerating glacier melting, the increases in water volume of the three lakes were absorbed by Yanhu Lake, and Yanhu Lake expanded considerably. According to the rapid growth rates in water level and lake area, Yanhu Lake is likely to burst in 1-2 years.  相似文献   

Three Decades of Sea-Ice Variability in Jiaozhou Bay Revealed by Landsat Observations     

HUANG Jue  GUO Lianjie  JIANG Tao  ZHU Hongchun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(2)

In this study, we used Landsat images and meteorological data to examine the spatiotemporal distribution and variability of sea ice in Jiaozhou Bay(JZB) between 1986 and 2016. The results show that JZB is not always covered by sea ice in winter, but in some extreme cases, sea ice has covered more than one-third of the sea area of the bay. Sea ice in JZB has generally formed between January 1 and February 5, primarily along the coast, and gradually expanding to the central area of the bay. Both meteorological and artificial factors have played important roles in modulating the sea ice distribution. We found sea ice coverage to have been strongly correlated with the accumulated freezing-degree days nine days before the occurrence of sea ice(R2 = 0.767). North-northwest surface winds have dominated the freezing period of sea water in the JZB, and wind speed has exerted a more significant influence on the formation of sea ice when the sea ice coverage has been generally small. Additionally, artificial factors began to affect the expansion of sea ice in JZB since 2007. The construction of the Jiao-Zhou-Bay Bridge(JZBB) is believed to have retarded water flow and reduced the tidal prism, thereby leading to the formation of an ice bridge along the JZBB, which effectively prevents the southward expansion of sea ice.  相似文献   

赣南狮吼山硫铁多金属矿区花岗岩地球化学、年代学特征及其成因     

贺根文  路思明  彭琳琳  于长琦  李伟  刘翠辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(5):1491-1504

狮吼山矿区是江西省内规模最大的矽卡岩型硫铁多金属矿床，伴生W、Cu、Au多种成矿元素，成矿作用与矿区出露的茶山迳复式花岗岩体有关。岩体主要包括茶山迳似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和莲湖细粒二长花岗岩两期，为研究成矿岩体的侵位时代、岩石成因及与成矿的关系，本次工作进行了U-Pb锆石定年、岩相学和岩石地球化学等测试分析。结果表明：岩体具有高硅、高钾、富铝的特征，属高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩；轻重稀土元素分馏明显，均为右倾型，弱Eu负异常，以富集Cs、Rb、Th、U、Pb，亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、和Ti等元素为主要特征，属于低Ba-Sr壳源花岗岩类；锆石具较好晶形，具典型岩浆锆石特征，利用LA-ICP-MS进行U-Pb测年，获得谐和年龄为（162.4±0.6）Ma（MSWD=1.8），加权平均年龄为（162.4±1.4）Ma（MSWD=1.4），谐和年龄与加权平均年龄在误差范围内高度一致，表明茶山迳复式岩体侵位于燕山早期中侏罗世；综合考虑岩体矿物组合、主微量元素及高分异特征，认为其成因分类应属于S型花岗岩；对比中国花岗岩成矿元素平均含量，茶山迳两期花岗岩均具有较高的W、Mo、Bi、Pb等成矿元素含量，可同时为成矿作用提供热源、流体及物质。  相似文献